annotate venv/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py @ 0:d67268158946 draft

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author bcclaywell
date Mon, 12 Oct 2015 17:43:33 -0400
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1 """Common operations on Posix pathnames.
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2
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3 Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to
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4 this module as os.path. The "os.path" name is an alias for this
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5 module on Posix systems; on other systems (e.g. Mac, Windows),
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6 os.path provides the same operations in a manner specific to that
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7 platform, and is an alias to another module (e.g. macpath, ntpath).
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8
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9 Some of this can actually be useful on non-Posix systems too, e.g.
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10 for manipulation of the pathname component of URLs.
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11 """
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12
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13 import os
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14 import sys
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15 import stat
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16 import genericpath
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17 import warnings
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18 from genericpath import *
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19 from genericpath import _unicode
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20
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21 __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext",
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22 "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",
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23 "getatime","getctime","islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",
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24 "ismount","walk","expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",
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25 "samefile","sameopenfile","samestat",
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26 "curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep","extsep",
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27 "devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath"]
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28
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29 # strings representing various path-related bits and pieces
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30 curdir = '.'
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31 pardir = '..'
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32 extsep = '.'
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33 sep = '/'
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34 pathsep = ':'
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35 defpath = ':/bin:/usr/bin'
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36 altsep = None
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37 devnull = '/dev/null'
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38
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39 # Normalize the case of a pathname. Trivial in Posix, string.lower on Mac.
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40 # On MS-DOS this may also turn slashes into backslashes; however, other
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41 # normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not allowed
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42 # (another function should be defined to do that).
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43
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44 def normcase(s):
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45 """Normalize case of pathname. Has no effect under Posix"""
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46 return s
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47
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48
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49 # Return whether a path is absolute.
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50 # Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS.
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51
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52 def isabs(s):
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53 """Test whether a path is absolute"""
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54 return s.startswith('/')
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55
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56
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57 # Join pathnames.
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58 # Ignore the previous parts if a part is absolute.
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59 # Insert a '/' unless the first part is empty or already ends in '/'.
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60
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61 def join(a, *p):
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62 """Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.
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63 If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components
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64 will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that
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65 ends with a separator."""
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66 path = a
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67 for b in p:
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68 if b.startswith('/'):
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69 path = b
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70 elif path == '' or path.endswith('/'):
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71 path += b
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72 else:
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73 path += '/' + b
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74 return path
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75
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76
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77 # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the
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78 # rest). If the path ends in '/', tail will be empty. If there is no
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79 # '/' in the path, head will be empty.
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80 # Trailing '/'es are stripped from head unless it is the root.
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81
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82 def split(p):
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83 """Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is
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84 everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty."""
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85 i = p.rfind('/') + 1
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86 head, tail = p[:i], p[i:]
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87 if head and head != '/'*len(head):
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88 head = head.rstrip('/')
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89 return head, tail
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90
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91
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92 # Split a path in root and extension.
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93 # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last
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94 # pathname component; the root is everything before that.
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95 # It is always true that root + ext == p.
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96
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97 def splitext(p):
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98 return genericpath._splitext(p, sep, altsep, extsep)
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99 splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__
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100
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101 # Split a pathname into a drive specification and the rest of the
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102 # path. Useful on DOS/Windows/NT; on Unix, the drive is always empty.
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103
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104 def splitdrive(p):
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105 """Split a pathname into drive and path. On Posix, drive is always
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106 empty."""
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107 return '', p
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108
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109
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110 # Return the tail (basename) part of a path, same as split(path)[1].
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111
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112 def basename(p):
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113 """Returns the final component of a pathname"""
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114 i = p.rfind('/') + 1
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115 return p[i:]
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116
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117
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118 # Return the head (dirname) part of a path, same as split(path)[0].
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119
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120 def dirname(p):
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121 """Returns the directory component of a pathname"""
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122 i = p.rfind('/') + 1
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123 head = p[:i]
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124 if head and head != '/'*len(head):
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125 head = head.rstrip('/')
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126 return head
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127
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128
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129 # Is a path a symbolic link?
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130 # This will always return false on systems where os.lstat doesn't exist.
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131
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132 def islink(path):
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133 """Test whether a path is a symbolic link"""
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134 try:
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135 st = os.lstat(path)
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136 except (os.error, AttributeError):
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137 return False
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138 return stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)
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139
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140 # Being true for dangling symbolic links is also useful.
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141
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142 def lexists(path):
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143 """Test whether a path exists. Returns True for broken symbolic links"""
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144 try:
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145 os.lstat(path)
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146 except os.error:
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147 return False
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148 return True
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149
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150
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151 # Are two filenames really pointing to the same file?
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152
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153 def samefile(f1, f2):
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154 """Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file"""
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155 s1 = os.stat(f1)
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156 s2 = os.stat(f2)
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157 return samestat(s1, s2)
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158
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159
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160 # Are two open files really referencing the same file?
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161 # (Not necessarily the same file descriptor!)
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162
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163 def sameopenfile(fp1, fp2):
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164 """Test whether two open file objects reference the same file"""
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165 s1 = os.fstat(fp1)
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166 s2 = os.fstat(fp2)
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167 return samestat(s1, s2)
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168
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169
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170 # Are two stat buffers (obtained from stat, fstat or lstat)
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171 # describing the same file?
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172
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173 def samestat(s1, s2):
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174 """Test whether two stat buffers reference the same file"""
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175 return s1.st_ino == s2.st_ino and \
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176 s1.st_dev == s2.st_dev
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177
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178
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179 # Is a path a mount point?
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180 # (Does this work for all UNIXes? Is it even guaranteed to work by Posix?)
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181
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182 def ismount(path):
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183 """Test whether a path is a mount point"""
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184 if islink(path):
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185 # A symlink can never be a mount point
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186 return False
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187 try:
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188 s1 = os.lstat(path)
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189 s2 = os.lstat(join(path, '..'))
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190 except os.error:
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191 return False # It doesn't exist -- so not a mount point :-)
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192 dev1 = s1.st_dev
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193 dev2 = s2.st_dev
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194 if dev1 != dev2:
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195 return True # path/.. on a different device as path
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196 ino1 = s1.st_ino
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197 ino2 = s2.st_ino
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198 if ino1 == ino2:
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199 return True # path/.. is the same i-node as path
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200 return False
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201
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202
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203 # Directory tree walk.
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204 # For each directory under top (including top itself, but excluding
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205 # '.' and '..'), func(arg, dirname, filenames) is called, where
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206 # dirname is the name of the directory and filenames is the list
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207 # of files (and subdirectories etc.) in the directory.
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208 # The func may modify the filenames list, to implement a filter,
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209 # or to impose a different order of visiting.
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210
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211 def walk(top, func, arg):
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212 """Directory tree walk with callback function.
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213
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214 For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
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215 itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).
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216 dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of
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217 the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..'). func
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218 may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),
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219 and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in
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220 fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific
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221 order of visiting. No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,
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222 beyond that arg is always passed to func. It can be used, e.g., to pass
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223 a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate
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224 statistics. Passing None for arg is common."""
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225 warnings.warnpy3k("In 3.x, os.path.walk is removed in favor of os.walk.",
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226 stacklevel=2)
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227 try:
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228 names = os.listdir(top)
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229 except os.error:
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230 return
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231 func(arg, top, names)
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232 for name in names:
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233 name = join(top, name)
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234 try:
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235 st = os.lstat(name)
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236 except os.error:
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237 continue
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238 if stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
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239 walk(name, func, arg)
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240
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241
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242 # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.
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243 # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.
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244 # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,
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245 # the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever
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246 # function is called with the expanded path as argument).
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247 # See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames.
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248 # (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment
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249 # variable expansion.)
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250
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251 def expanduser(path):
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252 """Expand ~ and ~user constructions. If user or $HOME is unknown,
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253 do nothing."""
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254 if not path.startswith('~'):
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255 return path
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256 i = path.find('/', 1)
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257 if i < 0:
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258 i = len(path)
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259 if i == 1:
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260 if 'HOME' not in os.environ:
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261 import pwd
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262 userhome = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir
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263 else:
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264 userhome = os.environ['HOME']
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265 else:
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266 import pwd
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267 try:
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268 pwent = pwd.getpwnam(path[1:i])
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269 except KeyError:
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270 return path
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271 userhome = pwent.pw_dir
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272 userhome = userhome.rstrip('/')
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273 return (userhome + path[i:]) or '/'
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274
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275
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276 # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions.
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277 # This expands the forms $variable and ${variable} only.
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278 # Non-existent variables are left unchanged.
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279
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280 _varprog = None
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281 _uvarprog = None
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282
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283 def expandvars(path):
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284 """Expand shell variables of form $var and ${var}. Unknown variables
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285 are left unchanged."""
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286 global _varprog, _uvarprog
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287 if '$' not in path:
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288 return path
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289 if isinstance(path, _unicode):
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290 if not _uvarprog:
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291 import re
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292 _uvarprog = re.compile(ur'\$(\w+|\{[^}]*\})', re.UNICODE)
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293 varprog = _uvarprog
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294 encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
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295 else:
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296 if not _varprog:
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297 import re
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298 _varprog = re.compile(r'\$(\w+|\{[^}]*\})')
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299 varprog = _varprog
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300 encoding = None
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301 i = 0
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302 while True:
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303 m = varprog.search(path, i)
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304 if not m:
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305 break
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306 i, j = m.span(0)
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307 name = m.group(1)
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308 if name.startswith('{') and name.endswith('}'):
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309 name = name[1:-1]
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310 if encoding:
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311 name = name.encode(encoding)
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312 if name in os.environ:
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313 tail = path[j:]
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314 value = os.environ[name]
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315 if encoding:
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316 value = value.decode(encoding)
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317 path = path[:i] + value
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318 i = len(path)
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319 path += tail
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320 else:
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321 i = j
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322 return path
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323
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324
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325 # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A/B.
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326 # It should be understood that this may change the meaning of the path
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327 # if it contains symbolic links!
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328
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329 def normpath(path):
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330 """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc."""
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331 # Preserve unicode (if path is unicode)
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332 slash, dot = (u'/', u'.') if isinstance(path, _unicode) else ('/', '.')
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333 if path == '':
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334 return dot
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335 initial_slashes = path.startswith('/')
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336 # POSIX allows one or two initial slashes, but treats three or more
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337 # as single slash.
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338 if (initial_slashes and
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339 path.startswith('//') and not path.startswith('///')):
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340 initial_slashes = 2
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341 comps = path.split('/')
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342 new_comps = []
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343 for comp in comps:
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344 if comp in ('', '.'):
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345 continue
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346 if (comp != '..' or (not initial_slashes and not new_comps) or
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347 (new_comps and new_comps[-1] == '..')):
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348 new_comps.append(comp)
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349 elif new_comps:
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350 new_comps.pop()
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351 comps = new_comps
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352 path = slash.join(comps)
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353 if initial_slashes:
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354 path = slash*initial_slashes + path
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355 return path or dot
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356
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357
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358 def abspath(path):
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359 """Return an absolute path."""
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360 if not isabs(path):
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361 if isinstance(path, _unicode):
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362 cwd = os.getcwdu()
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363 else:
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364 cwd = os.getcwd()
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365 path = join(cwd, path)
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366 return normpath(path)
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367
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368
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369 # Return a canonical path (i.e. the absolute location of a file on the
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370 # filesystem).
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371
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372 def realpath(filename):
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373 """Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any
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374 symbolic links encountered in the path."""
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375 path, ok = _joinrealpath('', filename, {})
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376 return abspath(path)
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377
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378 # Join two paths, normalizing ang eliminating any symbolic links
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379 # encountered in the second path.
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380 def _joinrealpath(path, rest, seen):
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381 if isabs(rest):
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382 rest = rest[1:]
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383 path = sep
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384
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385 while rest:
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386 name, _, rest = rest.partition(sep)
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387 if not name or name == curdir:
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388 # current dir
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389 continue
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390 if name == pardir:
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391 # parent dir
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392 if path:
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393 path, name = split(path)
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394 if name == pardir:
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395 path = join(path, pardir, pardir)
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396 else:
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397 path = pardir
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398 continue
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399 newpath = join(path, name)
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400 if not islink(newpath):
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401 path = newpath
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402 continue
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403 # Resolve the symbolic link
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404 if newpath in seen:
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405 # Already seen this path
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406 path = seen[newpath]
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407 if path is not None:
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408 # use cached value
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409 continue
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410 # The symlink is not resolved, so we must have a symlink loop.
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411 # Return already resolved part + rest of the path unchanged.
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412 return join(newpath, rest), False
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413 seen[newpath] = None # not resolved symlink
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414 path, ok = _joinrealpath(path, os.readlink(newpath), seen)
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415 if not ok:
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416 return join(path, rest), False
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417 seen[newpath] = path # resolved symlink
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418
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419 return path, True
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420
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421
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422 supports_unicode_filenames = (sys.platform == 'darwin')
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423
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424 def relpath(path, start=curdir):
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425 """Return a relative version of a path"""
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426
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427 if not path:
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428 raise ValueError("no path specified")
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429
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430 start_list = [x for x in abspath(start).split(sep) if x]
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431 path_list = [x for x in abspath(path).split(sep) if x]
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432
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433 # Work out how much of the filepath is shared by start and path.
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434 i = len(commonprefix([start_list, path_list]))
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435
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436 rel_list = [pardir] * (len(start_list)-i) + path_list[i:]
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437 if not rel_list:
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438 return curdir
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439 return join(*rel_list)